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A hallucinogen is a psychoactive agent which can cause hallucinations, perception anomalies, and other substantial subjective changes in thoughts, emotion, and consciousness.The common types of hallucinogens are psychedelics, dissociatives, or deliriants. By contrast, Stimulants, Opioids, and other psychoactive drugs are not explicitly hallucinogens because a 'hallucination' is visual terminology. The psychoactivity of opioids is devoid of visual anomalies, though the 'numbing' can be considered dissociation from pain. Hallucinations are not an uncommon symptom of amphetamine psychosis, but as they are not a primary effect of the drugs themselves, amphetamines are not considered hallucinogens. While stimulants do not induce hallucinations without abuse, the nature of stimulant psychosis is not unlike delirium. L. E. Hollister's criteria for establishing that a drug is hallucinogenic are as follows:〔Glennon RA. Classical drugs: an introductory overview. In Lin GC and Glennon RA (eds). (Hallucinogens: an update ). National Institute on Drug Abuse: Rockville, MD, 1994.〕 * in proportion to other effects, changes in thought, perception, and mood should predominate; * intellectual or memory impairment should be minimal; * stupor, narcosis, or excessive stimulation should not be an integral effect; * autonomic nervous system side effects should be minimal; and * addictive craving should be absent. ==Nature of nomenclature== (詳細はPsychedelic drugを参照) A debate persists on criteria which would easily differentiate a substance which is 'psychedelic' from one 'hallucinogenic'. Sir Thomas Browne in 1646 coined the term 'hallucination' from the Latin word "alucinari" meaning "to wander in the mind". The term 'psychedelic' is derived from the Ancient Greek words psychē (ψυχή, "mind") and dēloun (δηλοῦν, "to make visible, to reveal"), or "mind-revealing". 'A hallucinogen' and 'a psychedelic' may refer correctly to the same substance. 'Hallucinations' and 'psychedelia' may both refer to the same aspects of subjective experience in a given instance. The term psychedelia carries an added reference to psychedelic substance culture, and 'psychedelics' are considered by many to be the 'traditional' or 'classical hallucinogens' including p. cubensis, Mescaline, and LSD. 'A hallucinogen' in this sense broadly refers to any substance which causes perceptual disturbances or hallucinations, while psychedelics carry a positive connotation of general perceptual enhancement. In contrast to Hollister's original criteria, adverse effects may predominate with some hallucinogens with this application of the term. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hallucinogen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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